甲状旁腺功能亢进
Overview
甲状旁腺功能亢进 (HPT) is a hormonal disorder that occurs when one or more of your four parathyroid glands become enlarged and overactive, causing them to produce excessive amounts of parathyroid hormone (PTH).
你的甲状旁腺, 它们和豌豆差不多大, are located behind the thyroid gland at the front of your neck. 它们产生PTH, the hormone that maintains the correct levels of calcium in your blood and bones, helps absorb calcium from food and prevents you from losing too much calcium in your urine.
If you have HPT, too much calcium leaves your bones and collects in your blood. This can result in excess bone loss or osteoporosis as well as other problems such as kidney stones and kidney malfunction.
在85%的HPT患者中, 良性肿瘤, 叫做腺瘤, has formed on one of the parathyroid glands, 导致它变得过度活跃. 在大多数情况下, the excess hormone comes from two or more enlarged parathyroid glands, 一种叫做增生的情况.
Very rarely, hyperparathyroidism is caused by cancer of a parathyroid gland. About 28 out of 100,000 Americans develop HPT each year. Twice as many women develop this disease and the incidence increases with age.
我们治疗甲状旁腺功能亢进的方法
Surgery is the only treatment for hyperparathyroidism, providing a cure in most cases. UCSF is home to a surgery center dedicated to treating parathyroid conditions, 包括甲状旁腺功能亢进. It is one of the largest programs of its kind in the nation. Our surgeons helped pioneer new diagnostic methods and surgical techniques, including a minimally invasive outpatient procedure to remove parathyroid glands using a small incision and mild sedation.
We strive to make office visits convenient for patients, with services such as in-office ultrasound and coordinated care from endocrine surgeons, 内分泌学家和声音专家.
奖 & 识别
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是全国顶尖的十大赌博平台排行榜之一
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全国最好的糖尿病治疗中心之一 & 内分泌学
迹象 & 症状
Often people with hyperparathyrodism do not experience any 症状 or attribute them to other causes. Excessive parathyroid hormone can cause bones to become weak from loss of calcium. Skeletal weakening is one of the classic effects of hyperparathyroidism and may make people susceptible to broken bones. A high blood calcium level also can lead to kidney stones and kidney malfunction. Other common 症状 of hyperparathyroidism include:
- 食欲不振
- 渴
- 尿频
- 嗜睡和疲劳
- 肌肉无力
- 关节疼痛
- 便秘
- 恶心和呕吐
- 腹部疼痛
- 记忆丧失
诊断
甲状旁腺功能亢进 is diagnosed by a simple blood test that measures the amount of parathyroid hormone and calcium in your blood. 一旦确诊, other tests may be done to determine if other problems are present. 例如, a bone density measurement test may be performed to calculate bone loss or asses the risk of fractures. Abdominal radiographs may detect kidney stones and a 24-hour urine collection may provide information on kidney damage and the risk of stone formation.
治疗
Surgery to remove the enlarged gland(s) is the only treatment for hyperparathyroidism (HPT) and cures 95 percent of cases. The growth typically does not return and 症状 disappear after the first month of surgery. 手术后很短的一段时间, 你的血钙水平可能太低了, 哪一种容易用药物治疗.
If surgery is not recommended because of other medical conditions, medicines are available to treat some of the 症状 of HPT. Some patients who have a mild form of the disease, 是无症状, only have slightly elevated blood calcium levels and whose kidneys and bones are normal may not need surgery. 在这些情况下, patients require monitoring of their calcium and kidney functions ever six months as well as abdominal X-rays and bone mass measurements after one to two years.
加州大学旧金山分校健康 medical specialists have reviewed this information. It is for educational purposes only and is not intended to replace the advice of your doctor or other health care provider. We encourage you to discuss any questions or concerns you may have with your provider.
