颈动脉 动脉 疾病

迹象 & 症状

颈动脉 artery blockages are caused by hardening of the arteries, called atherosclerosis. 动脉粥样硬化的危险因素包括:

• 糖尿病
• 高血压
• 高胆固醇
• 吸烟

中风s occur when pieces of the diseased artery break off and travel into the brain, 最终阻碍血液流动, 导致部分大脑死亡. 这可能导致全面中风, resulting in permanent neurological problems in a minority of people, 或短暂性脑缺血发作(TIA), which produces the same 症状 as a stroke but resolves in less than a day, 通常在几分钟内.

Symptoms of both stroke and a transient ischemic attack (TIA) include:

• 四肢或身体一侧的无力或瘫痪
• 口齿不清的不能说话或表达清楚的
• 失明一只或两只眼睛失明或其他视觉变化

还有动脉粥样硬化, there are other less common conditions that also can affect the carotid arteries, 包括:

• 动脉瘤:动脉瘤或动脉肿胀
• 颈动脉夹层，即动脉壁裂开的地方
• 颈动脉 body tumors, which are tumor that arises from and involves the carotid arteries
• 纤维肌肉发育不良，一种动脉炎症
• Inominate artery disease, or blockages in an artery below the carotid artery
• 既往颈动脉手术后复发性阻塞

诊断

颈动脉 artery blockages can be diagnosed easily with ultrasound imaging, a painless and safe procedure that is performed on an outpatient basis.

If a more detailed image is needed to determine if surgery is required, 您的十大赌博平台排行榜可能会要求您进行其他检查，例如:

• 计算机断层扫描(CT)
• 磁共振血管造影(MRA)

If you think you're experiencing 症状 of a stroke or a transient ischemic attack, 你应该立即联系你的十大赌博平台排行榜.

治疗

Mild to moderate blockages in the carotid artery are treated with medications called antiplatelet agents, 比如阿司匹林, 可以阻止血栓的形成. 除了, 治疗包括识别和减少危险因素, 比如吸烟和高血压.

随着时间的推移，反复进行超声检查以监测阻塞.

手术

如果你的颈动脉疾病进展，你可能需要手术.

A number of large studies in the 1990s demonstrated that surgery — called carotid endarterectomy — was the best treatment for reducing the risk of stroke in patients with severe blockages in the carotid arteries. Research continues, however, on new, less invasive procedures, such as carotid artery stenting.

颈动脉内膜切除术包括:

• 打开动脉
• 清除导致血管狭窄的斑块
• 封闭动脉，通常是用人造贴片

在手术过程中, a temporary bypass is often used to allow blood to flow around the area of surgery as it travels to the brain.

并不是所有的病人都适合做手术, particularly those patients who are in overall poor health or have other health issues.

球囊血管成形术和支架

Other new non-surgical options to treat blockages in the carotid arteries include balloon angioplasty and stents. 这两种手术都使用导管引导气囊, 在阻塞区域膨胀, 打开颈动脉.

可以插入金属支架来帮助保持动脉扩张.

目前, angioplasty and stents are recommended only for patients who aren't candidates for conventional surgery because the risk of stroke during the procedures and the long-term results are still being studied.